Timbuktu is a desert city known as the Pearl of the Sahara, one of the historic cities located in West Africa, specifically in Mali. It is one of the most important capitals in the region and serves as a gateway between West and North Africa, where caravans from Todni, Libya, and Niger meet. 1. The majority of Timbuktu’s population consists of Tuaregs and their supporters, as well as many ethnic groups of African origin. 2. The air temperature in Timbuktu is very high, making it difficult for tourists and travelers to move around. Therefore, the period from late July to late November is considered one of the best times to visit the city. 3. Timbuktu is home to one of the most renowned Islamic universities, which houses Islamic works from ancient times in Cairo, Persia, and Baghdad. It has about 25,000 students and contains many documents written in Arabic, including the most important sciences such as law, medicine, and engineering. These documents are treasures of Islamic heritage. 4. There are many beautiful historical sites in the city, such as the Djingareber, Sidi Yahia, and Sankar mosques, built in the 14th and 15th centuries. However, the number of tourists in this city is very low, and only a few travelers get to experience them. In addition, many of the city’s ruins have been stolen by black market traders and thieves. 5. Timbuktu is located on the Niger River, surrounded by savannah trees that have disappeared due to desertification. These shrubs do not grow due to the lack of rainfall.